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在聚乙烯醇(PVA)的辅助下,通过一个非常简单的氨气扩散路线,在室温条件下制得了空心的ZnO纳米纺锤、纳米花生和纳米球。其中纳米纺锤的壁是由直径10 nm、长100~200纳米的纳米棒组装而成。而ZnO纳米花生和纳米球的外直径为20~50 nm,壁厚约2~5 nm。研究表明,氨水的用量、PVA的浓度以及锌源的种类对于纳米空心结构的形成都非常重要。光致发光测试表明在这些空心的ZnO纳米结构中存在着大量的晶体缺陷(氧空穴),而这样丰富的缺陷使得这些材料在催化和化学传感器等领域具有潜在的应用前景。
With the help of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hollow ZnO nanospindles, nano-peanuts and nanospheres were prepared at room temperature by a very simple ammonia diffusion route. The wall of the nanospindle is assembled from nanorods with a diameter of 10 nm and a length of 100-200 nm. The outer diameter of ZnO nano-peanut and nanosphere is 20-50 nm, and the wall thickness is about 2-5 nm. Studies have shown that the amount of ammonia, the concentration of PVA, and the type of zinc source are important for the formation of hollow nanostructures. Photoluminescence measurements show that there are a lot of crystal defects (oxygen vacancies) in these hollow ZnO nanostructures. Such abundant defects make these materials have potential applications in catalysis and chemical sensors.