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目的了解北京市0～6岁儿童听力残疾流行现状及其可能致残因素。方法依据《中国残疾人实用评定标准》对北京市18个区县的28709名0～6岁儿童采用概率比例、二阶段分层整群抽样方法进行听力筛查。结果北京市2004年听力残疾现患率为1.04‰,假阴性率为0.14‰。致残因素:怀孕期间母亲饮酒(OR值为48.9);妊娠次数(OR值为4.4);怀孕期间受重大刺激(OR值为57.8);孕期使用计算机(OR值为85.4);父亲文化程度低(OR值为14.2)。结论北京市儿童听力残疾现患率低于国内同类调查的水平。与北京生活水平较高,各类致残病原因得到有效控制有关,同时也反映出北京市在妇幼保健、儿童保健等方面的工作做得较好。同时,应该提高青年人文化水平,加强婚前、孕期、育儿等方面的健康教育,避免婴儿听力残疾的发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence and possible causes of hearing disability in children aged 0 ~ 6 in Beijing. Methods Based on the “Practical Assessment Criteria for the Handicapped in China”, 28,709 children aged 0-6 years in 18 districts and counties in Beijing were assessed with probability ratio and two-stage stratified cluster sampling method for hearing screening. Results The prevalence of hearing impairment in Beijing was 1.04 ‰ in 2004 with a false negative rate of 0.14 ‰. Maternal drinking during pregnancy (OR 48.9); number of pregnancies (OR 4.4); significant stimulation during pregnancy (OR 57.8); computer during pregnancy (OR 85.4); low educational level of father (OR value of 14.2). Conclusion The prevalence of hearing-impaired children in Beijing is lower than that of similar surveys in China. It is related to the higher standard of living in Beijing and the effective control of all causes of disability. It also reflects that Beijing has done a good job in MCH and child health care. At the same time, young people should improve their cultural level and strengthen their health education in premarital, pregnancy and childcare so as to prevent the occurrence of infant hearing disabilities.