本文主要介绍了20世纪初到20世纪60年代西方学者对马克思思想研究的变化情况,并指出马克思思想研究的重要转向,即转向对马克思早期哲学著作的研究。同时,作者图克尔指出了两种主要的研究倾向,一是把马克思主义作为道德主义进行分析,二是把马克思当作宗教体系进行分析。作者则选择了另一种研究方法,把马克思思想体系纳入到西方传统的宗教和神话思想进行研究。 This paper mainly introduces the changes of western scholars’ study of Marxism from the early 20th century to the 1960s, and points out the important shift of Marxist thought research, that is, to the study of Marx’s early philosophical works. At the same time, the author Tucker pointed out two major research tendencies: one is to analyze Marxism as moralism; the other is to analyze Marxism as a religious system. The author chose another research method to study the Marxist thought system into the traditional Western religions and mythology.