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皮克林的“冲撞理论”和曹天予的建构的结构实在论是整体论挑战后很有代表性的理论,但这两种理论在根本上完全对立。首先是社会调查的方法与坚持概念史为基础的方法的对立,其次是理论本质的对立,这主要表现为四方面,本体论的地位、科学发展中有无中心、理论建构过程的实在性以及向未来开放的理论。两者的理论都有很大的启发性,不过要想更好地解决科学哲学的传统问题,或许还需要曹天予所说的“本体论的综合”。
Pickering’s theory of “collision” and the structure of Cao Tianyu’s construction of the theory of reality is a representative theory after the challenge of the holistic theory, but the two theories are completely diametrically opposed. The first is the contradiction between the method of social investigation and the method of insisting on the concept of history, followed by the opposition of the essence of the theory, which mainly manifests as four aspects, the status of ontology, the center in the scientific development, the reality of the theory construction, Open to the future theory. Both theories have great enlightenment, but if we want to solve the traditional problems of philosophy of science better, we may also need “the synthesis of ontology” which Cao Tien-yu said.