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有几位读者来信询问:中药的“六成”、“八新”、“四大怀药”、“四大蕲药”是指什么?笔者据前人论述,归纳解答如下: 六陈是指吴茱萸、半夏、桔皮、狼毒、枳实、麻黄。此六种药愈放久贮、质量愈佳。故谓“六成”药。若用新品气味浓劣,服后易产生呕吐等副作用。八新是指紫苏、薄荷、菊花、桃仁、赤小豆、泽兰、槐花、款冬花。即具有香气浓烈的叶、花类和果实,宜以新品入药。因为此类药物含有效成分易散失,陈久贮放,质量降低。四大怀药是指(河南所产原怀庆府)的怀地黄、怀山药、怀牛膝、怀菊花四种药物。称为道地药材。
A few readers wrote to inquire: What are the “60%,” “8 New,” “Big Huai Yao,” and “Four Major Drugs” of Chinese medicine? The author, according to his predecessors, summarizes and answers the following questions: Wu Xi, Pinellia, Orange Peel, Stellera chamaejasme, Citrus aurantium, Ephedra. The six drugs will be stored for a longer time and the quality will be better. It is said that “60%” medicine. If the new product has a bad smell, it may cause side effects such as vomiting after serving. Eight new refers to basil, mint, chrysanthemum, peach kernel, red adzuki bean, Zeeland, thistle flower, coltsfoot flower. In other words, there are leaves, flowers and fruits with strong aromas. It is advisable to use new products for medicine. Because these drugs contain active ingredients that are easily lost, they are stored for a long time and their quality is reduced. The four major Huaiyao drugs refer to the four drugs of Huai Di Huang, Huai Shan Yao, Ai Bing and Huai Chrysanthemum. Known as authentic herbs.