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生态系统向平衡状态发展是自动进行的热力学不可逆过程,而不管这种生态平衡对人类需要之优劣。山麓洪积坡积物发育的土壤系统,其坡度具有趋向平衡的特点。山区天然地段如果开垦时,必须注意能否引起水土流失,能否保持土壤生态系统的优平衡。1973年,笔者在内蒙扎赉特、布特哈、阿荣、喜桂图、陈巴尔虎五旗,曾对大兴安岭中山、低山山麓洪积坡积体近百个纵断面形态及相应的土壤进行了观察研究。结果表明,山麓上段坡度绝大多数在7°～9°之间;该地段由洪积坡积物发育的土壤多为暗棕壤(以生草暗棕壤较多)、灰色森林土,有机质含量比较丰富,质地多为轻壤土、砾质轻壤土;在未开垦地段,自然植被比较茂盛,不存在水土流失的威胁。这一现实启示,上述洪积坡积体在天然条件下可能是平衡体,7°～9°可能是洪积坡积体上段的平衡坡度。
Ecosystem development toward equilibrium is an automated thermodynamically irreversible process, regardless of the ecological balance of the human needs of the merits. Foothills alluvial slope sediment development of the soil system, the slope has a tendency to balance characteristics. When reclamation of natural mountainous areas, we must pay attention to whether it can cause soil erosion, soil ecology can maintain the balance of the ecosystem. In 1973, the author in Inner Mongolia Zhantai, Boutha, Arong, hi Gui map, Chen Baerhu five flags, once Daxinganling Zhongshan, low mountain foothill slope slope of nearly 100 vertical section morphology and the corresponding soil Observational study. The results show that most of the slopes in the upper part of the foothills are between 7 ° and 9 °. Most of the soils developed from alluvial slopes are dark brown soil (dark brown soil is more), and gray forest soil and organic matter Rich, texture mostly light loam, gravel light loam; uncultivated land, natural vegetation is relatively lush, there is no threat of soil erosion. This fact suggests that the above-mentioned alluvial plumes may be an equilibrium body under natural conditions, and that the angle between 7 ° and 9 ° may be the equilibrium slope of the upper part of the alluvial slope.