The direct food subsidy is an important agricultural subsidy policy under current conditions,more efficient than grain price protection policy and other policies,and it is of great importance to the agricultural development,but this policy will not meet the interests of society in the long run. In this paper,we make an empirical study with the direct food subsidy policy in Shandong Province as an example,focusing on the analysis of the efficiency of policy implementation in different regions. Study suggests that direct food subsidy has made some achievements,but there are some problems in practice,such as low standard for direct food subsidy policy,less subsidy varieties,generally low efficiency of direct food subsidy policy,lack of unified policy implementation,serious waste of money and inefficient supervision during the subsidy policy implementation process. In order to improve the efficiency of direct food subsidy,it is necessary to raise standard for subsidy,and expand the scope of subsidy varieties; unify the policy,and make the policy suit local circumstances; improve the subsidy mechanism,regulate government behavior,and strengthen supervision. The direct food subsidy is an important agricultural subsidy policy under current conditions, more efficient than grain price protection policy and other policies, and it is of great importance to the agricultural development, but this policy will not meet the interests of society in the long run In this paper, we make an empirical study with the direct food subsidy policy in Shandong Province as an example, focusing on the analysis of the efficiency of policy implementation in different regions. Study suggests that direct food subsidy has made some achievements, but there are some problems in practice, such as low standard for direct food subsidy policy, less subsidy varieties, generally low efficiency of direct food subsidy policy, lack of unified food application policy, serious waste of money and inefficient supervision during the subsidy policy implementation process. order to improve the efficiency of direct food subsidy, it is necessary to raise standard for subsidy, and expand the scope o f subsidy varieties; unify the policy, and make the policy suit local circumstances; improve the subsidy mechanisms, regulate government behavior, and strengthen supervision.