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MicroRNAs是在真核生物中发现的一类小分子非编码RNA，在转录后水平调控目的基因表达。 MicroRNAs在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥重要作用。上皮间质转化是肿瘤细胞摆脱细胞间的连接而发生转移和侵袭的现象。本文回顾文献，综述MicroRNAs在食管鳞癌侵袭、转移和预后中的价值，展望食管鳞癌新的生物学标志和基因治疗的新靶点。“,”MicroRNAs are a kind of small non-coding RNA molecules in eukaryotes, which regulate target gene expression in the post-transcription level. MicroRNAs play a significant role in development of malignant tumors. Epithelial to mesenchymal transfor-mation occurred in cancer progression, which gets rid of the connection of the cells and acquires invasiveness and metastatic capability. This paper reviews the dysregulation of some MicroRNAs, which have diagnostic value of invasion, metastasis and prognosis of esopha-geal squamous carcinoma. Therefore, MicroRNAs will serve as new biological targets for the early diagnosis and gene therapy of esopha-geal squamous carcinoma.