议论性的文章中常常要用到比喻论证和类别论证这两种论证方法。所谓比喻论证,就是用人们熟知的事物作比喻来证明观点的一种论证方法;所谓类比论证,就是根据两个事物在很多方面相似来证明它们在另一具体方面也相似的一种论证方法。这是两种不同的论证方法,但它们又有一定的相同点和密切的联系,所以有时会分辨不清,甚至将其混为一谈。下面我们用高中语文课本中的两个例子来说明一下两者的区别。请先看鲁迅《拿来主义》中的段落: Arguing articles often use metaphor and category argument of these two arguments. The so-called metaphorical argument is a proof of argument that uses well-known things as a metaphor to prove ideas; the so-called analogy argumentation is based on the argument that two things are similar in many respects to prove they are similar in another respect. There are two different ways of argumentation, but they have some similarities and close links, so sometimes they are indistinguishable or even confused. Here we use two examples in high school Chinese textbooks to illustrate the difference between the two. Please read the passage in Lu Xun’s “Bringing It”: