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采用枯落物提取法和直接搜索法对岫岩地区大豆田及田埂的越冬蜘蛛进行了调查。共采集越冬蜘蛛13科32种。其中皿蛛科和球蛛科为优势科,黑微蛛[Erigone atra(Black wall)]和拟青球蛛(Theridion subpallens)为优势种。空间异质性大的田埂越冬蜘蛛的物种丰富度指数(D)和均匀度指数(J)均高于大豆田。多维尺度分析与聚类分析的结果表明,大豆田与田埂蜘蛛群落组成的差异显著;回归分析的结果显示,田内枯落物干重与越冬蜘蛛的种类和数量有极显著的回归关系。以上研究结果表明,田埂对越冬蜘蛛的保护与大豆田有明显的互补作用;保留或人为增加大豆田内枯落物可有效保护越冬蜘蛛。
The litter extraction method and direct search method were used to investigate the overwintering spiders of soybean fields and fields in Xiuyan. A total of 32 species of 13 spiders overwintering were collected. Among them, Termitidae and Araceae are predominant families, Erigone atra (Black wall) and Theridion subpallens. Species richness index (D) and evenness index (J) of the overwintering spiders with large spatial heterogeneity were higher than that of soybean fields. The results of multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis showed that there were significant differences in the composition of spider communities in soybean field and field field. The results of regression analysis showed that the dry weight of field litter had a very significant regression relationship with the species and number of overwintering spiders. The above results show that the protection of the overwintering spider Tian Tian and soybean fields have a significant complementarity; retained or artificially increased soybean litter can effectively protect the wintering spiders.