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20世纪,印刷术继续取得巨大成就.各种文体的排版都在很大程度上机械化了,不仅完善了半自动铸排机(整行铸排机、单字自动铸排机等),而且还试图设计能够独立读原稿并把原稿中的字排入机器的全自动铸排机.把文章翻印到照相底片上的照排机也开始实际使用.从此,排版可以不再使用铅字了.获得广泛采用的是自动印刷机,即带压印铁板的印刷机,平版印刷机和轮转印刷机.轮转印刷机不仅成为印刷报纸的主要设备,而且也成为印刷杂志和书籍的主要设备.20世纪上半叶,由于各种彩印法取得了很大发展,照排法取代了手工印刷方法.这样就有可能使彩色印刷品的印刷周期较前大为缩短,使翻印原稿更准确.由于减少了套色次数,成本从而降低.最广泛使用的翻印方法是胶版印刷.它代替了过去古老的石版印刷和刮片凹版印刷.采用胶版印刷方法的特点是,使用印版(滚筒式的)和包有胶皮的中间印筒,油墨从印版上转到印筒上,再从印筒上转到纸上.采用带弹性的胶皮贴面的中间滚筒,就有可能大大提高多色印刷品的印刷速度,改善彩印质量,必要时还可以在没有压光的纸上印刷.从19世纪中叶开始,书籍的销路就已大增.结果是,各国都增加了书籍报刊的出版量.到了20世纪,出版业已成为资本主义工业的一大部门.与其他部门一样,它也出现了集中现象,建立了大的?
In the 20th century, typography continued to make great achievements, and the layout of various genres was largely mechanized, not only improving the semi-automatic machine (whole row of machine, single-word automatic machine, etc.), but also tried to design Able to read the original manuscript and the original manuscript into the machine fully automatic machine. The article printed on the photographic film on the imagesetter also began to actually use. Since then, can no longer typesetting typesetting. Widely used is Automatic presses, namely presses with embossed iron plates, offset presses and rotary presses, which not only become the main equipment for printing newspapers but also become the main equipment for printing magazines and books. In the first half of the 20th century, A great development has been made in various color printing methods, and the photo-printing method replaces the manual printing method, which makes it possible to shorten the printing cycle of the color print more accurately and to make the original color more accurate. The most widely used method of reprinting is offset printing, which replaces the old lithography and gravure printing in the past. The use of the offset printing method is characterized by the use of a plate ) And a rubber-covered intermediate cylinder, the ink from the plate to the cylinder, and then from the cylinder to the paper on the use of flexible rubber veneer with the middle of the drum, it is possible to greatly enhance the multicolor print Of the printing speed, improve the quality of the printing, if necessary, can also be printed on non-calendered paper.Since the mid-19th century, the sales of books has been greatly increased, the result is that countries have increased the publication of books and newspapers. In the century, the publishing industry has become a major part of the capitalist industry, and like other departments, it has also appeared to concentrate and establish a large one.