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于2010—2012年度冬小麦生长季,选用高产冬小麦品种济麦22,采用测墒补灌方式,设置40m(T40)、60m(T60)和80m(T80)3种带长的微喷带灌溉处理,研究不同带长微喷带灌溉对土壤水分分布及冬小麦耗水特性和产量的影响.结果表明:拔节期和开花期采用微喷带补灌,随微喷带带长缩短,灌溉水在土壤中的水平分布均匀系数显著增加.拔节期补灌,T40和T60处理在距畦首0～40m范围内各小麦行间的0～200cm土层土壤含水量均无显著差异;T80处理在距畦首38～40m、58～60m和78～80m处各小麦行间的0～200cm各土层土壤含水量变化规律一致,均表现为随距微喷带的距离增加而减小.T40处理的小麦在拔节至开花期间和开花至成熟期间分别对40～60cm和20～80cm土层土壤贮水的消耗量显著高于T60和T80处理,而对深层土壤贮水消耗量和总土壤贮水消耗量、开花期补灌水量、总灌水量和总耗水量显著低于T60和T80处理.随微喷带带长缩短,小麦籽粒产量、产量水分利用效率显著升高,而流量降低,在灌水量一定的情况下,单位时间内的有效灌溉面积减小.综合考虑小麦籽粒产量、水分利用效率和流量,40和60m是本试验条件下的适宜微喷带带长.
In winter wheat growing season of 2010-2012, high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 was selected. Three types of micro-pollination belt irrigation with 40m (T40), 60m (T60) and 80m (T80) The effect of micro-jet irrigation with different length on soil moisture distribution and water consumption characteristics and yield of winter wheat was studied.The results showed that micro-jetting irrigation was adopted at jointing stage and flowering stage, The average coefficient of soil water content increased significantly at jointing stage.The T40 and T60 treatments showed no significant differences in soil moisture at 0-200 cm soil layer between wheat lines in the range of 0-40 m, The soil water content in 0 ~ 200cm soil layers of 38 ~ 40m, 58 ~ 60m and 78 ~ 80m lines were the same, which showed that the soil water content decreased with the distance from the micropipe. The water consumption of soil in 40 ~ 60cm and 20 ~ 80cm soil layers were significantly higher than that of T60 and T80 treatments during the period from jointing to flowering and from flowering to maturity, respectively. However, for deep soil water storage and total soil water consumption, At the flowering stage, supplementary irrigation water, total irrigation water and total water consumption were significantly lower than T60 and T8 0. With the shortening of microstrip length, wheat yield and water use efficiency increased significantly, while the flow rate decreased.When the irrigation volume was constant, the effective irrigation area per unit time decreased.Considering the grain yield of wheat , Water use efficiency and flow rate, 40 and 60m are suitable for this test conditions with a small jet zone length.