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适配子是应用指数富集的配体系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)从单链随机寡核苷酸文库中筛选得到的,能与靶标高特异性、高亲和力结合的配体,靶点可以是金属离子、核酸、蛋白质、有机物甚至整个有机体。适配子作为靶向治疗及诊断药物有效应用于癌症、黄斑变性、急性冠脉综合征和血管性血友病等疾病,同时也可作为药物的靶向配体,协助药物在特定的组织位点释放。与其他靶向配体相比,适配子因其独特的优势,可针对靶向治疗开发适配子-药物偶联物(aptamer-drug conjugates,Ap DCs),进而促进了生物分析和生物医学的发展。本文总结了近年适配子类靶向治疗药物的研究及临床试验进展,并阐述了其在生物医学中的前景优势和面临的挑战。
Aptamers are screened from a single-stranded random oligonucleotide library using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and bind to targets with high specificity and high affinity Ligands, targets can be metal ions, nucleic acids, proteins, organic matter and even whole organisms. Aptamers, as targeted therapies and diagnostics, are effective in the treatment of cancers, macular degeneration, acute coronary syndromes and von Willebrand disease and are also potential ligands for drugs to assist drugs in specific tissue locations Point release. Aptamer-based drug conjugates (ap DCs) have been developed for targeted therapies because of their unique advantages over other targeted ligands, furthering bioanalysis and biomedical development of. This article summarizes recent research progress and clinical trials of aptamers targeted therapy, and expounds its prospective advantages and challenges in biomedicine.