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有明一代,八股取士制度化,具有了功名富贵和治平理想的双重号召力,而八股时文勾连社会的学校教育、朝廷的选拔体系,也被赋予了撷英和禁锢的双重深意。明人的文学关注置于时文,历来作为文学正宗的诗歌沦为八股之余,因之形成了“余事”视之的诗歌态度,而士人心志也为“八股”所束缚。八股套路的模式禁锢,换字和选本所渗透的制艺技法的心理及科名失落的意绪排遣,无一不体现着八股程式下的科第心态。
The Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Eight Banners were institutionalized with the dual calling force of fame and wealth and the ideal of peace. However, the essay of “Eight Times” linked up with the school education in the community and the system of selecting the court was also given the double meaning of capturing and imprisoning. Ming literary attention is placed on the essay, which has traditionally been reduced to a stereotyped poetic version of literature, resulting in a poetic attitude of Bound. The pattern of the eight-legged routine, the imprisonment, the psychology of artistic techniques infiltrated by the characters and the selection of the subject, and the frustration of the absence of the name of the subject all embody the psychology of Section under the Chaphan program.