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微囊是一类重要的功能性材料,在生物医药研究领域有重要用途。微囊的囊壁构建材料一般为脂类和聚合物。以纳米粒子作为囊壁可将纳米粒子独特的物理化学性质整合到微囊中,使微囊具有机械强度高、渗透性可控、表面易于修饰和容易实现负载物的可控释放等特点,这种新型微囊在生物转运研究领域有潜在的应用前景。本文综述了以纳米粒子作为囊壁的微囊自组装研究进展,介绍了微囊自组装基本理论、囊壁的构建方法、微囊多分散性的改善方法,最后对纳米级微囊的自组装所面临的技术难点进行了讨论,并对纳米级微囊自组装的发展方向进行了展望。
Microcapsules are an important class of functional materials that have important uses in biomedical research. Microcapsule wall construction materials are generally lipids and polymers. Taking the nanoparticles as the wall, the unique physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles can be integrated into the microcapsules, which makes the microcapsules have the characteristics of high mechanical strength, controlled permeability, easy surface modification and easy controllable release of the load. The new type of microcapsules have potential applications in the field of biological transport research. In this paper, the progress of self-assembly of microcapsules with nanocrystals as capsular wall is reviewed. The basic theory of microcapsules self-assembly, the construction of capsule walls and the improvement of polydispersity of microcapsules are introduced. Finally, The technical difficulties faced are discussed, and the development direction of nanocapsule self-assembly is prospected.