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滑膜在出生后覆盖关节的内面,包括关节盘上下面。但随着功能的出现,滑膜仅衬于关节囊内面及双板区上下面。组织学上分为细胞性内膜和内膜下层。电镜下滑膜细胞分A、B两型。A型细胞富含高尔基体、液泡、小囊,主要功能是吞噬作用;B型细胞有大量的粗面内质网,核蛋白体,主要功能是合成透明质酸酶等。滑膜的主要功能有;吞噬、合成、免疫、调节等作用。颞下颌关节疾患时可出现滑膜退行性变、充血、溃疡、增生、斑状剥蚀、粘连等改变。
Synovial membranes cover the inner face of the joint after birth, including the upper and lower face of the joint disc. However, with the appearance of the function, the synovial membrane is only located on the inside of the joint capsule and the upper and lower sides of the double plate area. Histologically divided into cellular and intima and endometrial. Electron microscopy synovial cells divided A, B two types. Type A cells are rich in Golgi, vacuole, vesicles, the main function is phagocytosis; B cells have a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleoprotein body, the main function is the synthesis of hyaluronidase. The main function of synovial membrane; phagocytosis, synthesis, immunity, regulation and so on. Temporomandibular joint disorders may occur synovial degeneration, congestion, ulcers, hyperplasia, patchy erosion, adhesions and other changes.