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差异性试验是指结果或现象出人意料之外的、与学生学习前概念或常识相违背的科学实验。具有浓厚的趣味性和证伪功能,能引发强烈的认知冲突。差异性实验的设计要符合科学性原则、差异性原则、适应性原则、针对性原则等原则。要充分利用差异性实验的特点和教学功能,将其融入化学探究教学过程中。差异性实验对学习内驱力和学习内在动机的形成、科学研究能力的培养、知识的理解和创新有独特的作用。
Difference test refers to the unexpected result or phenomenon, which is contrary to the concept or common sense before the students learn scientific experiment. Has a strong interest and fake features, can trigger a strong cognitive conflict. The design of the difference experiment should accord with the principles of scientific principle, difference principle, adaptability principle and pertinence principle. We should make full use of the characteristics of the difference experiment and teaching function, and integrate it into the course of chemistry inquiry teaching. Difference experiments have a unique role in the study of internal drive and the formation of intrinsic motivation for learning, the cultivation of scientific research ability, and the understanding and innovation of knowledge.