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《清代地方政府》与《论美国民主》中所展现的基层社会,在权力构造模式、社群关系结构、地方精英角色、地方治理理念等方面均存在很大的差异。由此便产生了“治民”与“民治”两种不同的治理样式,导致这种差异的根本原因在于外部国家权力渗入程度的不同。若要实现从“治民”向“民治”的顺利转型,就必须逐渐摆脱传统的治世方式——纵向权力过度渗入;若要实现善治型、简约化的地方治理,那么道路就必须通向放权——尊重人民的自我决断。
The grassroots societies shown in “Local Government in Qing Dynasty” and “On American Democracy” have great differences in the modes of structure of power, the structure of social relations, the role of local elites and the ideas of local governance. As a result, two different governance styles of “rule the people” and “the people’s livelihood” have been produced. The fundamental reason for this difference lies in the different degree of the infiltration of power by the external countries. If we want to achieve a smooth transition from “rule the people” to “the rule of civil society”, we must gradually get rid of the traditional way of governing the world - the excessive penetration of power in the vertical direction. If we want to achieve a good and simple local governance, It must lead to decentralization - respect for the people’s self-determination.