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1 前言 1996年中国钢产量达1亿t,成为世界上主要产钢大国之一,为我国构筑重大基础支柱产业,对建设有中国特色的社会主义具有重要意义。冶金工业在采矿、选矿、烧结、炼铁、炼钢、轧钢和耐火材料、炼焦化学、机械修理等生产过程中,广泛存在粉尘、工业毒物、高温、噪声与振动等职业性有害因素,危害职工健康,也直接影响生产建设的发展。 国家十分关心职工的安全与健康,把职业安全与卫生列为建设有中国特色的社会主义的基本任务之一;制定了“安全第一,预防为主”的工作方针,发布了与之相配套的职业卫生技术标准、管理标准和职业病诊断标准,以及防止职业病伤害的劳动保险法规;初步建立了企业负责、行业管理、国家监察、群众监督和劳动者遵纪守法的职业安全与卫生管理机制,建立了以防止工业外伤与职业病为内容的职业安全与卫生工作体系。冶金系统多年来极力贯彻党和国家的安全生产方针,职业卫生事业有了长足的进步。
1 Introduction China’s steel output reached 100 million tons in 1996, becoming one of the major steel-producing countries in the world. It is a major pillar industry for our country and is of great significance for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Metallurgical industry in the mining, mineral processing, sintering, ironmaking, steelmaking, rolling and refractory materials, coking chemistry, mechanical repair and other production processes, widespread dust, industrial toxicants, high temperature, noise and vibration and other occupational hazards, hazardous workers Health, but also a direct impact on the development of production and construction. The state is very concerned about the safety and health of workers and staff and occupies the occupational safety and health as one of the basic tasks of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. It has formulated a working guideline of “safety first and prevention first” Occupational health standards, management standards and diagnostic criteria for occupational diseases, and labor insurance laws and regulations to prevent injury to occupational diseases. Occupational safety and health management mechanisms for enterprise responsibility, industry management, state supervision, mass supervision and worker compliance are initially established, The establishment of an occupational safety and health work system to prevent industrial trauma and occupational diseases as the content. Over the years, the metallurgical system has made great efforts to implement the party’s and the state’s guidelines for the safe production and has made considerable progress in occupational health.