鸦片战争是近代中国首次抵抗资本主义殖民者入侵的战争。抗战为什么失败?以往的研究并不很透彻,有些结论或过于简单,或不符史实。笔者不揣浅陋,试列举两个问题,略陈管见,以求指教。一、“忽战忽和”问题不少中国近代史教科书,在总结鸦片战争的失败原因时,几乎都强调指出:造成失败的原因之一是道光皇帝“和战方针不定”、“忽战忽和”。笔者认为,这种结论不符合史实。只要我们仔细翻阅一下《清实录·宣宗实录》,从道光帝的一系列谕旨中,就可以清楚地看到,他对战争的指导并没有摇摆不定,而“忽战忽和”。诚然,在 The Opium War was the first war in modern China to resist the invading capitalist colonists. Why did the war fail? Past research is not very thorough, some conclusions or too simple, or inconsistent with the facts. I do not guess humble, try to cite two issues, slightly Chen see, in order to advise. First, the problem of “sudden war suddenly and suddenly,” many Chinese modern history textbooks, summarizing the reasons for the failure of the Opium War, almost all stressed: one of the reasons for the failure of Daoguang emperor “war policy uncertainty”, “ with”. In my opinion, this conclusion does not accord with historical facts. As long as we read through “Record of Realities, Record of Emperor Xuanzong,” we can clearly see from his series of decrees that Emperor Daoguang did not waver in his guidance of the war, but “suddenly fights suddenly.” True, at