传染因子不受国界或地域的限制 ,预防传染因子的传播及由其引起的疾病应尽可能广泛、合理地开展疫苗接种。目前预防传染因子的疫苗接种原理正应用于癌症和非传染病。为了解现代疫苗学的发展方向 ,有必要首先检查各种疫苗的组分。本文简要综述了肺炎球菌、脑膜炎球菌、水痘 -带状疱疹、麻疹、轮状病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、流感、“新发现的”病毒感染、癌症疫苗的研究进展。 Infectious factors are not restricted by national boundaries or geographical boundaries. Preventing the spread of infectious agents and the diseases caused by them should be conducted as widely and rationally as possible. The current vaccination principles for preventing infectious agents are being applied to cancer and noncommunicable diseases. In order to understand the direction of modern vaccines, it is necessary to first examine the components of the various vaccines. This article briefly reviews the progress of research on pneumococcal, meningococcal, varicella-zoster, measles, rotavirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, “newly discovered” viral infections and cancer vaccines.