美国音乐理论家罗伯特·希柯克说:“当一个人听到一支旋律时,本能地把它的印象根据时间加以组织,使他有可能领会有音响的流动。首先,他从一支旋律开头的一些音中选择出作为测量时间的基本时长单位。我们把这基本单位称为‘拍子’。旋律中各个音的不同长度可被测量为相等的、倍数的和可分割的拍子。一旦这个基本的单位在头脑中牢固地确立,并开始作为人们的期待基础而发挥作用时, Robert Hitchcock, the American music theorist, said: ”When one listens to a melody, instinctively organizes its impressions according to time, making it possible for him to comprehend the flow of sound.First, We choose this basic unit as the “tempo.” The different lengths of the individual notes in the melody can be measured as equal, multiples and divisible beats once When this basic unit is firmly established in the mind and begins to function as the foundation upon which one looks,