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目的观察三种主食对健康成人血糖、胰岛素及血清脂联素水平的影响。方法 2012年1—3月通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)筛选健康成人30名,让入选对象分别交替食用与75 g无水葡萄糖含糖量相等的玉米面煎饼、小麦粉馒头及大米饭,测定并计算食用后血糖、胰岛素、血清脂联素曲线下面积,并分别计算血糖指数。结果食用玉米面煎饼后血糖、胰岛素曲线下面积(24.09±1.42、217.13±14.71)均低于食用小麦粉馒头后的面积(27.38±1.51、271.6±15.59)、大米饭后的面积(27.77±1.39、277.35±16.57),而血清脂联素曲线下面积均高于食用其余两种主食后的面积,比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。食用玉米面煎饼、小麦粉馒头及大米饭后血糖指数分别为85.64%、97.31%、98.72%。结论与小麦粉馒头、大米饭相比,玉米面煎饼对血糖水平影响较小,对胰岛β细胞刺激最小,血糖指数最低;同时,不影响具有胰岛素增敏作用的血清脂联素的分泌,是糖尿病患者较为理想的主食选择。
Objective To observe the effects of three staples foods on blood sugar, insulin and serum adiponectin in healthy adults. Methods From January to March 2012, 30 healthy adults were selected by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The subjects were alternately fed with cornmeal pancake, wheat flour bread and rice with the same content of 75g anhydrous glucose Meal, determination and calculation of edible blood sugar, insulin, serum adiponectin area under the curve, and were calculated glycemic index. Results After consuming cornmeal pancake, the area under the curve of insulin (24.09 ± 1.42, 217.13 ± 14.71) was lower than that of steamed bread (27.38 ± 1.51, 271.6 ± 15.59), and the area after rice was 27.77 ± 1.39 and 277.35 ± 16.57), while the area under the curve of serum adiponectin was higher than that of the other two staple foods, with significant difference (all P <0.05). The consumption of cornmeal pancake, wheat flour bread and rice after blood glucose index were 85.64%, 97.31%, 98.72%. Conclusion Compared with wheat flour bread and rice, cornmeal pancake has little effect on blood glucose level, has the least stimulation to pancreatic islet β cells, and has the lowest glycemic index. At the same time, it does not affect the secretion of serum adiponectin with insulin sensitivity, The ideal choice of staple food.