自一八三九年法国人孔德宣示Sociologie(社会学)这个学名以来,社会学就逐渐发展起来;现在,已经是一门多种学科性的社会科学,涉及的方面极广,甚至被断定:“几乎可以说,没有任何一项工作,没有任何一种具有特点的人类活动,不是与‘社会学’联系在一起而称为‘××社会学’的”。因此,社会学论著的课题庞杂,并且没有一以贯之的体系, Sociology has evolved since the Commencement of Sociologie (Sociology), the French name of Comte, in 1839; it is now a multidisciplinary social science that has so far been extensively or even conclusively identified : "It can be said almost that there is no work or any kind of distinctive human activity, which is not called ’XX sociology’ in connection with ’sociology.’ Therefore, the subject of sociology is complex and does not have a consistent system,