一 引言 现代地理学,是旧径重开的一条新轨。虽然远在古希腊时代,‘地理学’(Geography)这个名词便已出现,但其内容,则是描写一群散漫杂陈的事象,彼此之间,鲜相融贯。至十九世纪初期,两位德国大师,洪波德(A.Von Humboldt)和李特尔(Carl Ritter)两氏,一反前人的作风,根据实地观察的结果,探求地面上各种景象共生共存的因果关系,以研究区域的个体。这一个时期,不论在观 I. INTRODUCTION Modern geography is a new track reopened by the old path. Although in ancient Greece, the term ’geography’ had appeared, its content was a description of a group of diffuse and complex phenomena that co-existed with each other. By the early nineteenth century, the two German masters, A.Von Humboldt and Carl Ritter, both turned their backs on the ground to observe the symbiosis of various spectacles based on the results of field observations Coexistence of causal relationships to study individuals in the region. This period, regardless of the concept