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(一) 关于 Brahtz 方法的应用范围岩石和混凝土的空隙水压对应力分布的影响,常常是水工设计中必须考虑的因素,对于降低混疑土重力坝上游前缘的拉应力尤其具有重要的意义。然而,多年来由于人们对于渗透压力的概念不清,常假定坝体为不透水的,并把坝基面上的上举力当作外力来计算,因而得出了过大的上游前缘拉应力,造成了浪费。近年来,试验室和原型观测研究的结果已证实混凝土坝体和岩基都是透水的。坝面的水渗入坝体后,由于水与混凝土孔隙之间的摩擦阻力作用,水压力逐渐降低,因而渗透压力实际上是沿渗透流线作用的体积力。基于这一概念,Brahtz 在1936年提出了一个弹
(1) Application of the Brahtz method The effect of void hydraulic pressure on stress distribution in rock and concrete is often a factor that must be considered in hydraulic design, and it is especially important to reduce the tensile stress at the upstream leading edge of the gravity dam significance. However, due to the unclear concept of osmotic pressure over many years, it is often assumed that the dam is impermeable and that the ascending force on the dam foundation is calculated as an external force, resulting in an excessive upstream leading edge tensile stress , Resulting in waste. In recent years, the results of laboratory and prototype observation studies have shown that concrete dams and rock formations are permeable. After the dam surface water infiltrates into the dam body, the water pressure gradually decreases due to the frictional resistance between the water and the concrete pore. Therefore, the osmotic pressure is actually the body force acting along the permeate flow line. Based on this concept, Brahtz proposed a bomb in 1936