为了研究长期不同施肥对农田黑土微生物群落功能多样性的影响,采用Biolog-ECO微平板培养法,对已经连续施肥35年的农业部哈尔滨黑土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站4种处理(CK、NPK、M、MNPK)的两个土层(0~20、20~40 cm)微生物群落功能多样性进行研究.结果表明:在0~20 cm土层,有机无机肥(MNPK)配施能够显著提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力以及群落代谢功能的丰富度、多样性和优势度,而在20~40 cm土层则低于单施化肥(NPK)处理,两个土层单施化肥均降低土壤微生物群落代谢均匀度.不同施肥处理土壤微生物对6种碳源的利用率在0~20和20~40 cm两个土层间存在差异,而在每个土层的处理间差异显著(P<0.05),但各处理间的变化规律在两个土层中不一致.典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,各处理土壤微生物群落代谢功能在0~20和20~40 cm土层间存在差异,且在两个土层的处理间也存在差异,而土壤养分含量对各处理土壤微生物群落代谢功能的影响规律在两个土层中较为相似.长期不同施肥会对耕层及以下土壤微生物群落功能多样性产生影响,在20~40 cm土层中单施化肥对微生物群落功能多样性的影响较大. In order to study the effect of long-term different fertilization on functional diversity of microbial communities in farmland black soil, Biolog-ECO microplate culture method was used to study the effects of four treatments (CK, NPK, M and MNPK) in the two soil layers (0-20, 20-40 cm) were studied.The results showed that MNPK could significantly increase in 0-20 cm soil layer Improve soil microbial availability of carbon sources and the richness, diversity and dominance of community metabolic functions, but lower than that of single chemical fertilizer (NPK) in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer, Reduce the metabolic evenness of soil microbial communities.Utilization of six soil fertilizers by different soil microorganisms in the six soil layers between 0 ~ 20 and 20 ~ 40 cm differed significantly, but there was significant difference in the treatments of each soil layer P <0.05), but the variation of treatments was not consistent in the two soil layers.The results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the metabolic function of soil microbial communities varied in 0 ~ 20 and 20 ~ 40 cm soil layers , And there are also differences in the treatment of two soil layers, The effect of soil nutrient content on the metabolic function of soil microbial communities in each treatment was similar in the two soil layers.The long-term fertilization affected the functional diversity of topsoil and the following soil microbial communities, Fertilizers have a great influence on the functional diversity of microbial communities.