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为评价四霉素对番茄叶霉病的防治效果,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了四霉素对9株不同地区来源的叶霉病菌(Passalora fulva)菌丝生长、孢子萌发以及芽管伸长的毒力,并进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:四霉素对番茄叶霉病菌具有较高的抑制活性,其中抑制孢子萌发、芽管伸长的活性较高,其EC_50值分别为0.002 30~0.012 7μg/mL、0.00050~0.013μg/mL;对菌丝生长抑制活性略低,其EC_50值为0.601 6~1.394μg/mL。显微观察发现:经四霉素处理后,番茄叶霉病菌新生菌丝生长受阻、部分菌丝末端分支增多、变粗;分生孢子萌发受抑制,芽管膨大变粗、生长受阻。田间试验结果表明:经四霉素有效成分6.75和20.25 g/hm~2处理后,对番茄叶霉病的保护防效分别为74.40%和83.09%,治疗防效分别为67.92%和76.68%,均显著高于对照药剂甲基硫菌灵(有效成分540 g/hm~2)的处理防效。
In order to evaluate the control effect of tetraamycin on tomato leaf mold, the mycelium growth rate and spore germination were used to determine the mycelial growth and spore germination of nine isolates of Passalora fulva As well as the elongation of germ tube toxicity, and conducted a field efficacy test. The results showed that the four kinds of fungi had a higher inhibitory activity against Fusarium solani, the higher the activity of inhibiting spore germination and elongation of germ tube was, the EC50 values were 0.002 30 ~ 0.012 7μg / mL and 0.00050 ~ 0.013μg / mL. The mycelial growth inhibition activity was slightly lower, and the EC50 value was 0.601 6 ~ 1.394μg / mL. Microscopic observation showed that the growth of new mycelia of Fusarium solani was blocked by the treatment with tetrathymycin, and the terminal branches of some hyphae increased and became thick. The conidial germination was inhibited, the germ tube enlarged, and the growth was blocked. The results of field experiments showed that the protective control effects on tomato leaf mold were 74.40% and 83.09%, respectively, and the control effects were 67.92% and 76.68%, respectively, after treated with effective components of 4.75 and 20.25 g / hm ~ Were significantly higher than the control agent thiophanate methyl (active ingredient 540 g / hm ~ 2) control effect.