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美国联邦政府既是研究与发展工作的主要支持者,又是主要执行者。然而,其研究成果却只有一小部分投入了工业应用。例如,联邦政府拥有近3万件发明专利,而其中只有不到5%的专利许可提供给工业界应用。上述数据反映了这样两个问题:(1)政府的许多发明专利没有多大工业应用价值,或者根本没有工业应用价值;(2)政府部门没有努力去为这些成果,甚至是一些最重要的工业发明去寻找民间用户。正如本文将要讨论到的那样,美国政府的专利政策继续经历着深刻的变革,以图不断地推进政府主持的研究发展技
The U.S. federal government is both a major supporter of research and development efforts as well as a major player. However, only a small part of its research has been devoted to industrial applications. For example, the federal government has nearly 30,000 invention patents, of which less than 5% of the patents are granted for industrial applications. The above data reflect two problems: (1) many invention patents of the government do not have much industrial application value or have no industrial application value at all; (2) the government departments have not made any efforts to achieve these achievements and even some of the most important industrial inventions Go looking for private users. As we will discuss in this article, the U.S. government's patent policy continues to undergo profound changes in an attempt to continuously promote the government-sponsored research and development technology