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【摘要】目的:探寻一种创伤小、断根发生率低的二根型中位近中阻生智齿拔除方法。方法:选择需要拔除的二根型中位近中阻生智齿100颗,随机分为两组,每组50颗,其中观察组采用气动式外科专用切割手机分根后拔除,对照组采用高速涡轮钻解除邻牙阻力后拔除。结果:观察组在手术时间及拔牙断根发生情况方面与对照组相比较,存在统计学意义上的差异(P<0.01)。结论:对于二根型中位近中阻生智齿,用气动式外科专用切割手机分离牙根后再行拔除,可以缩短手术时间,降低牙根折断的发生率。
【关键词】阻生智齿;拔牙;气动式外科专用切割手机
[中图分类号]R782.11 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]2096-5249(2021)09-0050-02
Clinical Study of Extraction of Mesioangularly Impacted Wisdom Tooth With Two Roots in Medium Position
WANG Zhong-jie (Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Binzhou City, Binzhou Shandong 251700, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To explore a method of extraction of mesioangularly impacted wisdom teeth with two roots in medium position with less trauma and low root fracture rate. Methods: Select 100 mesioangularly impacted wisdom teeth with two roots in medium position need to be extracted, and divided them into 2 groups randomly, 50 teeth in each group. The teeth in the observation group were extracted by using pneumatic surgical handpiece to separate roots, and the teeth in the control group were extracted by using high-speed turbodrill to remove adjacent teeth resistance. Results: There was a significant difference between the observation group and the control group in operation time and root fracture occurrence (P<0.01). Conclusion: The extraction of mesioangularly impacted wisdom teeth with two roots in medium position by using pneumatic surgical handpiece to separate roots can shorten the operation time and reduce the incidence of root fracture.
[Key words] Impacted teeth; Tooth Extraction; Pneumatic Surgical Handpiece
兩根型中位近中阻生智齿与邻牙之间存在阻力,如果不分开牙根,单纯采用自颊侧近中轴面楔入牙挺的方法来拔除智齿,邻牙阻力往往难以解除,强行拔除会伤及邻牙,且断根的发生率较高。如果断根位于根尖1/3处,取出困难,容易造成医患纠纷。本研究采用气动式外科专用切割手机分开智齿近、远中根后再拔除患牙,断根发生率明显降低,效果令人满意。
1 资料与方法
1.1一般资料 通过拍摄口腔全景片,在2016~2019年的拔牙患者中选择100颗两根型中位近中阻生智齿,随机分为两组,其中观察组50颗,对照组50颗。患者年龄18~49岁,平均28岁,身体健康,无拔牙禁忌症。拔牙前患者张口度正常,智齿周围软组织无充血,术区无不适,下颌第二磨牙无松动。
1.2方法 ①以2%利多卡因3 mL行拔牙侧下齿槽神经、舌神经阻滞麻醉, 之后用4%阿替卡因肾上腺素0.7 mL于拟拔智齿颊侧行浸润麻醉,患者半侧下唇及舌尖有明显麻木感后开始计时操作。②观察组拔除方法:应用安装有加长车针的气动式外科专用切割手机沿颊、舌发育沟垂直于k面切割牙冠(车针横截面的近中边缘落在颊、舌发育沟上)至根分叉顶端,然后将牙挺插入磨开的裂隙稍稍用力,将近、远中根分开。先取出远中冠根,再取近中冠根。③对照组拔除方法:采用高速涡轮钻从智齿近中边缘嵴向后约3 mm处,沿与相邻第二磨牙k面垂直的方向切割患牙牙冠,并将离断的牙片取出,从而解除邻牙阻力。然后分离牙龈,从智齿近中颊侧顺牙周膜插入牙挺并向舌侧旋转,使患牙脱出。
1.3统计学方法 应用SPSS12.0统计软件进行统计分析,采用t检验比较拔牙时间,采用χ2检验对拔牙断根情况进行比较。
2 结果
观察组拔牙用时9~31 min,对照组拔牙用时22~87 min。拔牙用时及拔牙断根方面,两组间均存在统计学意义上的差异,详见表1。

3 讨论
【关键词】阻生智齿;拔牙;气动式外科专用切割手机
[中图分类号]R782.11 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]2096-5249(2021)09-0050-02
Clinical Study of Extraction of Mesioangularly Impacted Wisdom Tooth With Two Roots in Medium Position
WANG Zhong-jie (Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital of Binzhou City, Binzhou Shandong 251700, China)
[Abstract] Objective: To explore a method of extraction of mesioangularly impacted wisdom teeth with two roots in medium position with less trauma and low root fracture rate. Methods: Select 100 mesioangularly impacted wisdom teeth with two roots in medium position need to be extracted, and divided them into 2 groups randomly, 50 teeth in each group. The teeth in the observation group were extracted by using pneumatic surgical handpiece to separate roots, and the teeth in the control group were extracted by using high-speed turbodrill to remove adjacent teeth resistance. Results: There was a significant difference between the observation group and the control group in operation time and root fracture occurrence (P<0.01). Conclusion: The extraction of mesioangularly impacted wisdom teeth with two roots in medium position by using pneumatic surgical handpiece to separate roots can shorten the operation time and reduce the incidence of root fracture.
[Key words] Impacted teeth; Tooth Extraction; Pneumatic Surgical Handpiece
兩根型中位近中阻生智齿与邻牙之间存在阻力,如果不分开牙根,单纯采用自颊侧近中轴面楔入牙挺的方法来拔除智齿,邻牙阻力往往难以解除,强行拔除会伤及邻牙,且断根的发生率较高。如果断根位于根尖1/3处,取出困难,容易造成医患纠纷。本研究采用气动式外科专用切割手机分开智齿近、远中根后再拔除患牙,断根发生率明显降低,效果令人满意。
1 资料与方法
1.1一般资料 通过拍摄口腔全景片,在2016~2019年的拔牙患者中选择100颗两根型中位近中阻生智齿,随机分为两组,其中观察组50颗,对照组50颗。患者年龄18~49岁,平均28岁,身体健康,无拔牙禁忌症。拔牙前患者张口度正常,智齿周围软组织无充血,术区无不适,下颌第二磨牙无松动。
1.2方法 ①以2%利多卡因3 mL行拔牙侧下齿槽神经、舌神经阻滞麻醉, 之后用4%阿替卡因肾上腺素0.7 mL于拟拔智齿颊侧行浸润麻醉,患者半侧下唇及舌尖有明显麻木感后开始计时操作。②观察组拔除方法:应用安装有加长车针的气动式外科专用切割手机沿颊、舌发育沟垂直于k面切割牙冠(车针横截面的近中边缘落在颊、舌发育沟上)至根分叉顶端,然后将牙挺插入磨开的裂隙稍稍用力,将近、远中根分开。先取出远中冠根,再取近中冠根。③对照组拔除方法:采用高速涡轮钻从智齿近中边缘嵴向后约3 mm处,沿与相邻第二磨牙k面垂直的方向切割患牙牙冠,并将离断的牙片取出,从而解除邻牙阻力。然后分离牙龈,从智齿近中颊侧顺牙周膜插入牙挺并向舌侧旋转,使患牙脱出。
1.3统计学方法 应用SPSS12.0统计软件进行统计分析,采用t检验比较拔牙时间,采用χ2检验对拔牙断根情况进行比较。
2 结果
观察组拔牙用时9~31 min,对照组拔牙用时22~87 min。拔牙用时及拔牙断根方面,两组间均存在统计学意义上的差异,详见表1。

3 讨论