发生于成哀衰败与光武中兴之际的王莽改制,对此间中国社会的进程与发展发生了“缓冲”的作用,具有历史性的意义,不仅在两汉之际乃至整个中国历史上都是一件大事。然而,正是这样一场社会变革,以轰轰烈烈开始却以悲惨失败而告终。何也?历代史家多有高论,或斥之为玩火者自焚,罪有应得;或颇有同情爱怜之慨,论之为历史的悲剧。本文无意于此,倒是想从王氏具体的改制措施和改制过程中去寻求改制失败的原因,并涉及一些与此有关的题外话。至于结论的正确与否,尚祈同好和方家指正。一任何一种历史现象,都不是孤立的存在,都是一个复杂的多层次、多视角的整体。不同的主体意识、不同的思维方式以及不同的审视角度都会得出不同的结论。而每一历史 The reorganization of Wang Mang, which took place during the decade of grief and the resurgence of Guangwu, had a “buffer” effect on the process and development of Chinese society during that period. It was of historic significance not only in the history of the Han Dynasty but also in the history of China as a whole event. However, it was such a social change that, beginning with a vigorous start, ended in tragic failure. He also? Historians historically have a high opinion, or reprimanded as playing firefighters self-immolation, guilty of deserved; or sympathetic affection, on the historical tragedy. This article is not intended to be here, it touches on Wang’s specific restructuring measures and restructuring process to find the reasons for the failure of restructuring, and involves some of the relevant digression. As for the conclusion of the correct or not, still pray with Fang Fang correct. Any kind of historical phenomenon is not an isolated existence and is a complex multi-level and multi-perspective whole. Different subject consciousness, different ways of thinking and different perspectives will lead to different conclusions. And every history