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目的探讨昆明市中学生抑郁症状与父母教养方式的相关性,为改善不良家庭环境的教育方式及中学生的抑郁症状提供依据。方法采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)、父母教养方式评价表(EMBU)和自编问卷,对分层整群抽取的昆明市3所中学的2 128名中学生进行调查。结果在2 128名中学生中,筛选出抑郁症患者376例,检出率为17.7%,其中女生(19.2%)高于男生(16.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.582,P<0.05);是否为独生子及初、高中生间检出率差异均无统计学意义(χ2值分别为1.690,0.214,P值均>0.05)。父亲的情感温暖与理解及过度保护和母亲的情感温暖与理解得分女生高于男生(t值分别为-6.119,0.865,-5.823,P值均<0.01),其余因子男生均高于女生。除父母亲偏爱被试外,有无抑郁症状组父母教养方式各因子得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。除母亲情感温暖与理解、偏爱被试外,中学生抑郁症状与父母教养方式各因子均存在不同程度的相关关系(P值均<0.05)。抑郁症状与父母的情感温暖与理解因子呈负相关(P<0.01),与父母的惩罚与严厉、偏爱被试、拒绝否认、过度保护呈正相关(P值均<0.05),与母亲的过分与保护、拒绝与否认、惩罚与严厉呈正相关(P值均<0.01)。结论中学生抑郁症状与父母的教养方式有着密切的联系。
Objective To explore the correlation between depression symptoms and parental rearing patterns of middle school students in Kunming, and to provide basis for improving the education mode of poor family environment and the depression symptoms of middle school students. Methods Two hundred and thirteen middle school students from three middle schools in Kunming were stratified by Census Depression Scale (CES-D), EMBU (Parental Rearing Education Evaluation Form) and self-compiled questionnaire. Results Among 2 128 middle school students, 376 cases of depression were screened, the detection rate was 17.7%, of which 19.2% were higher than boys (16.1%) (χ2 = 3.582, P <0.05) ). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of singleton and primary and high school students (χ2 = 1.690,0.214, P> 0.05). The father’s emotional warmth and understanding and over-protection and mother’s emotional warmth and understanding score were higher in girls than in boys (t = -6.119,0.865, -5.823, P <0.01 respectively). Except for the preference of parents, there were significant differences in the scores of parental rearing patterns among all groups (P <0.01). Except for the emotional warmth and understanding of the mothers and preference for the subjects, the depression symptoms of the middle school students and the parental rearing patterns all had different degrees of correlation (P <0.05). Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with parents ’emotional warmth and comprehension factors (P <0.01), and were positively correlated with parents’ punishment and severe prejudice, deny of rejection and overprotection (P <0.05) Protection, rejection and denial, punishment and severe positive correlation (P <0.01). Conclusions There is a close relationship between depression symptoms and parental rearing patterns in middle school students.