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目的评估妊娠期糖尿病患者健康教育效果。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对2014年7月—2015年6月在宁波市奉化区产前检查诊断为妊娠期糖尿病的128例孕妇进行健康教育干预和问卷调查,比较干预前后调查对象妊娠期糖尿病相关知识知晓率、行为改变情况和血糖控制情况。结果干预前10道妊娠期糖尿病知识题知晓率均较低(42.97%~75.00%),干预后每道题目的知晓率均高于90%,干预前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。饮食控制率从干预前的60.94%提高到干预后的93.75%,孕期体重自我管理率从干预前的41.41%提高到干预后的90.55%,适量运动率从干预前的32.03%提高到干预后的75.78%,这些行为指标干预前后差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预后孕妇空腹血糖、早餐与中餐后2 h血糖值均较干预前下降(P<0.05),血糖控制率从干预前的57.81%提高到干预后的79.69%(P<0.01)。结论妊娠期糖尿病患者经健康教育干预,可有效提高血糖控制率,建议在妇保科门诊开展妊娠期糖尿病患者健康干预。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on gestational diabetes mellitus patients. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct health education intervention and questionnaire survey on 128 pregnant women diagnosed as gestational diabetes during prenatal examination in Fenghua District of Ningbo City from July 2014 to June 2015. The pregnant women before and after the intervention were compared Awareness of diabetes-related knowledge, behavior changes and glycemic control. Results The awareness rate of knowledge of diabetes in the first 10 gestations was low (42.97% ~ 75.00%), the awareness rate of each topic was higher than 90% after intervention, and the difference was statistically significant before and after intervention (P <0.01) . The diet control rate increased from 60.94% before intervention to 93.75% after intervention. The self-management rate of weight during pregnancy increased from 41.41% before intervention to 90.55% after intervention, and the moderate exercise rate increased from 32.03% before intervention to 75.78% respectively. There were significant differences in these behavioral indicators before and after intervention (P <0.01). The fasting blood glucose of pregnant women after intervention was lower than that before intervention (P <0.05), and the blood glucose control rate increased from 57.81% before intervention to 79.69% after intervention (P <0.01). Conclusion Gestational diabetes mellitus patients with health education intervention can effectively improve the rate of glycemic control. It is recommended to carry out health intervention in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in the clinic.