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为给小麦育种提供新的种质资源,对引进的67份美国小麦种质材料进行了农艺性状调查及其对条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病的抗性鉴定。结果表明,供试材料普遍成熟期较晚,千粒重偏低,株高偏高,但绝大多数为强冬性材料,籽粒大多为硬质且均较饱满。部分材料具有突出优良性状,如单株穗数为50～70的材料有8份,小穗数大于30的材料有4份,穗长在12～14cm之间的材料有9份,穗粒数大于70的材料有7份,株高小于70cm的材料有4份。经成株期条锈病抗性鉴定,67份材料中,对CYR32与CYR33均表现抗病而对混合条锈菌种表现中抗的材料有23份(占34.33%),对CYR32、CYR33以及混合菌种均表现免疫,即具有非小种专化的成株期抗性的材料有6份(占8.96%)。根据成株期白粉病自然发病圃抗性鉴定结果,有17份材料(占25.37%)对田间混合小种表现抗病,其中有7份材料(占10.45%)表现免疫,1份材料(占1.49%)表现高抗,9份材料(占13.43%)表现中抗。从赤霉病诱发鉴定结果看,没有表现免疫与高抗的材料,28份材料(占41.79%)表现中抗,其余材料均感病。综合来看,这批种质材料含有丰富的条锈病和白粉病的抗性基因,其中有5份材料综合抗病性好,17份材料兼抗两种病害,这些材料可用于小麦抗病育种。
In order to provide new germplasm resources for wheat breeding, 67 wheat germplasm introduced from USA were investigated for agronomic traits and their resistance to stripe rust, powdery mildew and scab. The results showed that the tested materials generally matured later, the thousand-grain weight was low, and the plant height was high, but the vast majority were strong winter-type materials, and the grains were mostly hard and relatively full. Some of the materials have excellent characters. For example, there are 8 materials with 50-70 spikelets per plant, 4 materials with spikelets greater than 30, 9 spikelets with 12-14cm spikes, More than 70 materials have 7 copies, plant height less than 70cm material has 4 copies. Among the 67 materials, the resistance of CYR32 and CYR33 to disease resistance was 23 (34.33%) of the materials exhibiting moderate resistance to the mixed stripe rust, and the resistance to CYR32, CYR33 and mixed All strains showed immunity, that is, there were 6 non-rapamycin-resistant adult plant-resistant materials (accounting for 8.96%). According to the results of natural resistance test of powdery mildew in adult stage, 17 materials (25.37%) showed disease resistance to the mixed race in the field, of which 7 materials (10.45%) showed immunity and 1 material 1.49%) showed high resistance, 9 materials (13.43%) showed resistance. From the identification results of scab induced, no immune and high resistance of the material, 28 materials (41.79%) showed resistance, the rest of the material are susceptible. Taken together, these germplasm materials are rich in stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance genes, of which 5 are good overall disease resistance, 17 materials and anti-two diseases, these materials can be used for wheat disease-resistant breeding .