石墨烯具有独特的二维结构和优异的电学、光学、热学和机械性能,自2004年首次被制备以来,迅速成为材料、化学、物理和工程领域的研究热点。石墨烯可以通过机械剥落法、碳化硅表面外延生长、取向附生法、化学气相沉积法、化学分散法及化学合成法等方法制备。大量理论和试验研究表明:石墨烯及其衍生物在纳米器件、半导体材料、生物传感器、太阳能电池和储氢材料等领域具有潜在的重要应用价值。研究总结了近年来石墨烯制备方法和应用研究的进展情况,对存在的问题及未来的发展方向作了阐述。 Graphene, with its unique two-dimensional structure and excellent electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties, has rapidly become a research hotspot in the fields of materials, chemistry, physics and engineering since it was first prepared in 2004. Graphene can be prepared by mechanical spalling, epitaxial growth of silicon carbide surfaces, orientation-based attachment, chemical vapor deposition, chemical dispersion and chemical synthesis. A large number of theoretical and experimental studies have shown that graphene and its derivatives have potential applications in nanoscale devices, semiconductor materials, biosensors, solar cells and hydrogen storage materials. The research progress of graphene preparation methods and applications in recent years are summarized, and the existing problems and future development directions are described.