在社会主义家庭部门,个人消费的预算约束是硬的,为什么会出现消费品的长期短缺?有人认为这是企业和非营利机构对消费品持久“虹吸”的结果,似乎有点片面;在我们看来,对消费品的长期短缺要做全面、具体的分析。在传统的社会主义经济体制下,企业和非营利机构属于软预算约束部门,数量冲动、囤积倾向尤其投资饥渴等一系列行为特征,导致了它们几乎无法满足的需求欲望,这种欲望通过从中央取得无限制的货币供给而变成现实的购买行为,不仅抽吸了全部生产资料,而且从消费部门“吸出”了大量生活资料,造成或加剧了物资产品的全面短缺。这是所有社会主义国家的历史事实。但是如果仅用企业和非营利机构的抽吸行为解释消费短缺的全部事实,又似乎夸大了“吸出效应”的作用。造成或加剧消费品的 In the socialist home sector, the budget constraint on personal consumption is hard and why there is a chronic shortage of consumer goods Some see it as a result of the long-lasting “siphon” of consumer goods by businesses and non-profit institutions that seems a bit one-sided; in our opinion, Long-term shortage of consumer goods to do a comprehensive and specific analysis. Under the traditional socialist economic system, enterprises and NPIs belong to a series of behavioral characteristics such as the soft budget constraint department, the quantity impulse, the accumulation tendency, especially investment hunger and so on, which leads to their almost unmet appetite for desire. The fact that the central government made unlimited purchase of money into a real purchase not only smoked all the means of production but also “sucked out” a large amount of means of subsistence from the consumer sector, resulting in or aggravating the overall shortage of goods and materials. This is the historical fact of all socialist countries. However, it seems that the “suck-out effect” is overstated if all the facts of the consumer shortage are explained by the smoking behavior of enterprises and non-profit institutions. Cause or exacerbate consumer goods