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理查德·沃尔海姆是20世纪最重要的分析哲学家、美学家之一,他致力于研究艺术和精神分析的相互关系,因在精神和情感方面的创造性工作而著名,特别是在绘画视觉艺术方面,他提出了独特的旁观者理论。在《油画作为一门艺术》中,他给出了绘画里的旁观者的定义、对绘画的旁观者和绘画里的旁观者作了细致地区分,论述了绘画里的旁观者的作用、艺术家解决困境的策略等问题。
Richard Wahlheim, one of the most important analytical philosophers and estheticians of the 20th century, devoted himself to studying the interplay of art and psychoanalysis, famous for his creative work in mind and emotion, especially in In the field of visual art painting, he proposed a unique onlooker theory. In “Oil Painting as an Art,” he gives a definition of bystanders in the painting, makes a detailed distinction between bystanders on the painting and bystanders in the painting, and discusses the role of the bystander in the painting. The artist Strategies to solve the dilemma and other issues.