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对《资本论》当代性质的科学讨论,不能仅仅围绕《资本论》所蕴含的经济理论设计的严密性进行纯粹技术性的经济学论证,而必须深入到历史的本质性的维度中去,把《资本论》同时视为马克思唯物史观的哲学巨著,彰显其唯物史观品格。分析马克思思想发展的历程会发现,《资本论》的总问题起源于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》,聚焦于《德意志意识形态》,公开宣示于《哲学的贫困》和《共产党宣言》。《资本论》的唯物史观性质集中表现在对全面统治现代人类经济社会活动的资本逻辑的批判,因而,只要资本逻辑依然在人类的生活中发挥着作用,《资本论》的批判性立场及其科学性,就绝不会因其个别理论判断的局限性而有丝毫动摇。这启示我们,在当下的学术研究中,包括哲学研究在内的任何学科的学术理论创新都必须植根于对丰富多彩的生活现实的理论反思;中国经济学的理论创新必须坚守马克思唯物史观的基本理论立场;《资本论》的唯物史观精髓,依然是我们正确认识当代资本主义和中国特色社会主义市场经济的理论利器。
The scientific discussion of the contemporary nature of “capitalism” can not merely carry out purely technical economic argumentation around the rigor of the economic theory design contained in “capitalism,” but must go deep into the essential dimensions of history and change the “ Capital Theory ”is also regarded as the philosophical masterpiece of Marx’s historical materialism and the character of his historical materialism. An analysis of the development of Marx’s thought reveals that the general issue of “capitalism” originated in the Manuscripts of Economics and Philosophy in 1844, focused on “German Ideology,” and publicly declared it in “Philosophical Poverty” and “Communist Manifesto.” The nature of materialism in “capitalism” focuses on the critique of the capital logic that comprehensively ruled the modern human economic and social activities. Therefore, as long as capital logic still plays a role in human life, the “capitalist” Its science will in no way be shaken to the slightest by the limitations of individual theoretical judgment. This suggests that in the current academic research, academic academic innovation in any subject, including philosophical research, must be rooted in the theoretical reflections on the rich and colorful realities in life. Theoretical innovation in Chinese economics must adhere to Marx’s historical materialism . The essence of historical materialism in Capital is still the theoretical weapon for correctly understanding the contemporary capitalism and the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics.