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鉴定佛像的真伪,时代风格,地域特征及制作工艺,是三个主要考察方面。兹选取4例故宫博物院收藏的金、铜、佛与石佛赝品,进行因素分析: 其一,伪莲花手观世音菩萨像。青铜鎏金,通高28厘米。故宫博物院旧藏。(图1) 其二,伪北魏正始四年(507)丘元达造释迦佛像。青铜,通高28.5厘米。1960年文化部文物局拨交故宫博物院,该像作为珍品收藏。(图2) 其三,伪魏李相海合三村长幼造像碑。灰石灰岩,高144、宽57、侧宽26厘米。碑出自山西临晋(今临猗县),约民国初期,有人得于北京厂肆英古斋,赠与北京大学研究所国学门考古学会,50年代由文化部文物局拨交故宫博物院。马衡先生1926年在《北京大学研究所国学门月刊》第1卷第1期,撰文《魏李相海造像碑跋》,后收于《凡将斋金石丛稿》。此碑资料至今仍被人应用。(图3) 其四,伪唐天宝元年(742)李元福夫妻造像。灰石灰岩,通高72、座宽34厘米。故宫博物院1955年以前收藏。(图4)
Identification of the authenticity of Buddhist statues, the style of the times, geographical features and craftsmanship are the three main aspects of the study. Here are 4 cases of the collection of gold, copper, Buddha and stone Buddha fake artifacts, for factor analysis: First, pseudo-Lotus hand Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva. Bronze gold, 28 cm high. Palace Museum Old possession. (Figure 1) Second, the pseudo Northern Wei Zhengchu four years (507) Qiu Yuan Da Buddha statue. Bronze, through height 28.5 cm. In 1960 the Cultural Relics Bureau handed over the Palace Museum, the statue as a collection of treasures. (Figure 2) Third, pseudo-Wei Li Xianghai three village elders statue. Gray limestone, height 144, width 57, width 26 cm. Monument from Shanxi Lin Jin (now Lintao County), about the early Republic of China, some people have been in Beijing factory British ancient fasting, donated to Peking University Institute of Guoxue archeology Association, 50’s by the Ministry of Culture Bureau handed over the Palace Museum. Mr. Ma Heng in 1926 in the “Peking University Institute Guo Xue Men Monthly” Volume 1, the first author of “Wei Li Xianghai statues inscriptions”, then closed in “where the vegetarian Jinshi Cong draft.” The monument information is still being applied. (Figure 3) Fourth, pseudo Tang Tianbao the first year (742) Li Yuanfu couple statues. Gray limestone, high 72, seat width 34 cm. Palace Museum before 1955 collection. (Figure 4)