肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血是一种危重征象,住院患者约半数死亡。肝硬化患者胃肠道出血住院时,正确的诊断靠纤维内窥镜检查,因为约1/3患者不是曲张的静脉出血。处理的三个主要原则:①足量输血以补充失血量;②尽量减少脑病发生的措施,常用导泻法和新霉素;③尽力控制出血。各医院所用的止血法不同,与若干因素有关。例如:世界各地所见的肝硬化类型不同,因设备条件而能采用的治疗手段亦有差异,等等。暂时性止血通常用三腔管,但需有熟练的护理,且常会在放气或拔管后几天内再出血。垂体后叶素全身性或局部滴注都能取得暂时性止血作用,但在停药后常再出血。目前已有多种不同的外科手术可用于止 Cirrhosis of the esophageal variceal bleeding is a critical sign of hospitalization, about half of deaths. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis of the hospital, the correct diagnosis by fiber endoscopy, because about 1/3 patients are not varicose vein bleeding. The three main principles of treatment: ① adequate blood transfusion to supplement the amount of blood loss; ② try to reduce the incidence of encephalopathy, commonly used cathartic method and neomycin; ③ try to control bleeding. The hemostasis laws used by different hospitals are different and depend on several factors. For example: There are different types of cirrhosis seen around the world, treatments that can be used due to equipment conditions, and so on. Temporary hemostasis usually uses a triple-lumen tube, but requires skilled care and often bleeds within a few days after deflation or extubation. Pituitrin systemic or local drip can achieve temporary hemostasis, but often stopped bleeding after stopping. There are many different surgical procedures available for this purpose