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【目的】了解北京市农村地区儿童的气质特点,以使因素施教,促进其身心健康发展。【方法】在北京市5个区县随机整群抽取身体健康、DDST发育筛查正常的2~3岁农村儿童,采用Carey的TTS,BSQ进行儿童气质的研究。【结果】气质类型在2~3岁儿童不同性别间无统计学差异,不同年龄差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.31,P<0.05);不同年龄组气质维度存在差异,2岁组男童活动更多(t=2.69,P<0.05),趋避性趋向于接受(t=-2.89,P<0.05),反应阈高(t=-2.91,P<0.05),3岁组男童适应性弱(t=3.14,P<0.05),注意力易集中(t=-2.83,P<0.05),反应阈高(t=-2.58,P<0.05);与市区儿童相比,农村儿童活动多,生活规律性差,适应性差,反应强度弱,坚持性低,注意力易分散(P<0.05)。【结论】2~3岁儿童气质存在年龄差异,城乡差异。
【Objective】 To understand the characteristics of children’s temperament in rural areas of Beijing in order to teach the factors and promote their physical and mental health development. 【Method】 Caregish TTS and BSQ of Carey were used to study children’s temperament by random cluster sampling in 5 districts and counties in Beijing. 【Results】 There was no significant difference in temperament types between different sexes in children aged 2 ~ 3 years, with statistical significance at different ages (χ2 = 17.31, P <0.05). There were differences in temperament dimensions in different age groups, (T = -2.69, P <0.05), and the tendency to receptivity tended to accept (t = -2.89, P <0.05), and the response threshold was high (t = 3.14, P <0.05), and attention was easy to concentrate (t = -2.83, P <0.05), and the reaction threshold was high (t = -2.58, P <0.05). Compared with urban children, , Poor regularity of life, poor adaptability, weak reaction intensity, low persistence, easy to distract attention (P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 There are age differences and urban-rural differences in the temperament of children aged 2-3 years.