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目的了解潍坊市城乡小学生呼吸功能的现状及其影响因素,掌握小学生体质健康状况,为拟定健康干预措施提供依据。方法采取单纯随机抽样的方法选择潍坊市6所小学,然后采用整群抽样的方法对小学三至六年级的3 800名小学生进行问卷调查,并采用主成分改进的logistic回归分析寻找影响肺活量的主要影响因素。结果同一年级郊区男生和郊区女生,其肺活量优秀率分别大于城区男生和城区女生。主成分改进的logistic回归分析显示学校位置(0R=0.200)、性别(0R=2.522)、年龄(0R=1.333)、体重(0R=1.029)、身高(0R=1.037)、环境污染(0R=0.476)、最近购置家具时间(年)(0R=1.094)、被动吸烟(0R=0.234)、是否使用抽油烟机(0R=7.265)、是否养宠物(0R=0.307)、和周六(日)在教室外时间(h)(0R=1.038)均是小学生肺活量的影响因素。结论潍坊市郊区小学生的肺活量好于城区小学生;肺活量受多种因素的综合影响,除了受自身生理因素影响外,还受到室内外环境和出行模式的影响。
Objective To understand the status quo and influencing factors of respiratory function of primary and secondary school students in urban and rural areas of Weifang City and to master the physical health status of primary school students so as to provide the basis for formulating health intervention measures. Methods A total of 6 primary schools in Weifang City were selected by simple random sampling method, and then 3 800 primary school students in grade 3 to 6 of primary school were surveyed by cluster sampling method. Main logistic regression analysis of main components was used to find the main influencing factors of vital capacity Influencing factors. Results In the same grade of suburban boys and suburban girls, the excellent rate of vital capacity was higher than that of urban boys and urban girls respectively. Improved logistic regression analysis of the principal components showed that there was no significant difference in school location (0R = 0.200), gender (0R = 2.522), age (0R = 1.333), weight (0R = 1.029), height (0R = 1.094), passive smoking (0R = 0.234), whether to use range hoods (0R = 7.265), pets (0R = 0.307), and Saturday Teaching hours (h) (0R = 1.038) were the influencing factors of pupil’s vital capacity. Conclusion Primary students in suburban Weifang have better lung capacity than primary school children in urban areas. The vital capacity of the pupils is influenced by many factors in addition to their physiological factors, but also influenced by indoor and outdoor environment and travel patterns.