1852年,法兰西第二帝国皇帝拿破仑三世(拿破仑的侄子)责成巴黎地区行政长官乔治·尤金·奥斯曼规划建设一个“新巴黎”。此时的巴黎,已经建城一千五百多年,老鼠横行,瘟疫不断,破烂的老街道上,混合着马粪、狗粪、人粪的味道。巴黎地下多是坚硬的岩石,凭当时的技术和设备,建设下水道的施工难度可以想象。按预算,这项工程将耗费巨额资金,而且地下部分超过地面部分。这让拿破仑三世感到为难,提供城建贷款的大财团 In 1852, Napoleon III (the nephew of Napoleon), the emperor of the Second Empire of France, instructed George Eugene Osman, the chief executive of the Paris Region, to plan the construction of a “New Paris.” At this time in Paris, has been built for more than 1500 years, rats rampant, plague constant, dilapidated old streets, mixed with horse dung, dog dung, human dung taste. Paris underground is hard rock, with the current technology and equipment, construction of sewer construction difficult to imagine. According to the budget, this project will cost a lot of money, and the underground part will exceed the ground part. This embarrassed Napoleon III and provided a consortium of urban construction loans