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自1994年颁布《中华人民共和国监狱法》伊始,经历22年的发展变革,新时期中国的监狱已经取得突飞猛进的成就。早期监狱运行主要采取国家财政支持和监狱自身产出相结合的方式,随着改革发展和监狱工作的不断进步,到目前监狱已经实现国家全额保障。在国家实行全额保障的背后,现阶段监狱劳动的运行模式和发展方向是否会因此改变,这是值得探讨的问题。笔者通过研读美国联邦监狱产业公司模式,联系中国的监狱劳动改造制度设计,尝试探讨这种模式给中国监狱带来的一些启示和借鉴意义。
Since the promulgation of the “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prisons” in 1994, after 22 years of development and reform, the prisons in China have made rapid progress by leaps and bounds in the new era. In the early period, the operation of prisons mainly took the form of a combination of state financial support and the prison’s own output. With the reform and development and the continuous progress of prison work, at present prisons have achieved full state guarantees. Behind the full guarantee by the state, whether the operating mode and development direction of prison labor will be changed at this stage is worth discussing. By studying the model of the federal prison industry in the United States and contacting with the design of the prison reform in China, the author attempts to explore some implications and reference implications that this model brings to China’s prisons.