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有机磷农药广泛应用于农业植物保护,品种较多,大多属于广谱杀虫剂,对人畜均有毒性,有的属剧毒类。在生产和使用过程中,防护疏忽,可引起中毒。个别地区报告,占内科急诊中毒病例的首位,且死亡率较高。 有机磷中毒的临床表现与农药的毒性、侵入途径、剂量等有密切的关系。经表皮吸入,潜伏期较长,大多在2～6小时后出现症状。口服中毒潜伏期短,可在10余分钟至2小时内发病,病情发展迅速。中毒后乙酰胆硷对节后胆硷能神经的作用(主要是副交感神经末梢的兴奋作用)表现在平滑肌和腺体活动的增加,与毒(?)硷作用相类似,并可用阿托品对抗。乙酰胆硷对横纹肌神经肌肉接头和交感神经节前纤维的作用与烟碱中毒的症状类似,不能用阿托品拮抗。神经系统症状如烦躁不安,共济共调以至昏迷惊厥等则系乙酰胆碱对中枢神经系统的神经键作用,使其功能失调。肟类化合物如解磷定,氯磷定或双复磷等能使被有机磷农药抑制的胆碱酯酶活性重新复能。此类胆碱酯酶复能剂对解除烟碱样毒作用较明显。
Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used in the protection of agricultural plants, more varieties, most of them are broad-spectrum insecticides, are toxic to humans and animals, and some are highly toxic. In the production and use of the process, negligence protection, can cause poisoning. Individual regional reports, accounting for the highest number of cases of medical emergency poisoning, and a higher mortality rate. The clinical manifestations of organophosphate poisoning and pesticide toxicity, invasive ways, dosage and so on are closely related. By the epidermis inhalation, the incubation period is longer, mostly in 2 to 6 hours after the onset of symptoms. Short latency of oral poisoning can be more than 10 minutes to 2 hours of onset, the rapid development of the disease. The effect of acetylcholine on postganglionic cholinergic nerves (mainly the excitatory effects of parasympathetic nerve endings) manifests itself in increased activity of the smooth muscle and glands, similar to the effects of toxic (?) Alkaloids, and may be antagonized by atropine. Acetylcholine on rhabdomyotrophic neuromuscular junction and sympathetic preganglionic fibers and nicotine poisoning symptoms similar to can not be antagonized with atropine. Nervous system symptoms such as irritability, mutual aid, coma and even coma and so on is the role of acetylcholine on the central nervous system, the role of the key to dysfunction. Oxime compounds such as dephosphorylation, chlorophosphorus or bi-complex phosphorus and so on can be inhibited by organophosphorus pesticides cholinesterase activity re-energy. Such cholinesterase agent to relieve nicotine-like toxicity more obvious.