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The subacute effect of aristolochic acid (AA) on rat serum was studied by NMR method.The biochemical effects induced by AA were characterized by an increase in the amounts of creatinine, trimethylamine N-oxide, acetoacetate, acetate and 3-D-hydroxybutyrate and lactate in serum from 1H NMR spectra. Principal component analysis was used for further comparing the similarities of 1H NMR spectral profiles of serum from rats treated with AA and model toxins.