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使用自编地震灾民社会支持感知量表(Perceived Social Support Scale for Earthquake Survivors,PSSS-ES)和贝克抑郁量表测查德阳、绵竹和什邡共304名灾民,以此检验自编地震灾民社会支持量表的信效度,并考察5·12地震灾民的社会支持感知状况及其与抑郁之间的关系。研究结果显示,PSSS-ES由12个题项组成,包含工具性支持、信息性支持和情感性支持三个维度;各维度题项的探索性因素分析因素负荷分别为0.50~0.86、0.70~0.85、0.66~0.85,累积方差贡献率为58.98%;PSSS-ES整体及3个维度的内部一致性系数分别为0.85、0.63、0.72和0.84;三个分量表之间的相关系数介于0.41~0.51。低社会支持组的抑郁量表得分显著高于高社会支持组。PSSS-ES是测量地震灾民社会支持较为有效的工具。总体来说灾民在各方面都得到了一定的社会支持,但在信息性支持方面相对欠缺,而该方面又与抑郁症状呈较高负相关。
A total of 304 victims of Deyang, Mianzhu and Shifang were surveyed using the Perceived Social Support Scale for Earthquake Survivors (PSSS-ES) and the Beck Depression Inventory to test the social support of earthquake victims The reliability and validity of the questionnaire and the social support perception of the victims of the 5.12 earthquake and their relationship with depression. The results show that the PSSS-ES consists of 12 items, including three dimensions: instrumental support, informational support and emotional support. The exploratory factor analysis load of each dimension item is 0.50-0.86, 0.70-0.85 , 0.66-0.85, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 58.98%. The internal consistency coefficients of PSSS-ES overall and three dimensions were 0.85, 0.63, 0.72 and 0.84, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the three subscales ranged from 0.41 to 0.51 . The scores of depression scale in low social support group were significantly higher than those in high social support group. PSSS-ES is a more effective tool to measure the social support of earthquake victims. Overall, the victims received some social support in all aspects, but they were relatively lack of information support, which in turn was negatively correlated with depression symptoms.