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经济特区在国际上有各种各样的名称和类型,如自由港、自由贸易区、自由过境区、出口加工区、科学工业园区等,最早的经济特区是自由港和自由贸易区,它们产生于400多年前地中海沿岸商品经济最为活跃的国家。世界第一个经济特区是1547年意大利在热那亚湾建立的莱戈恩自由港(有的资料说,意大利的里窝那是最早的自由殊)。从第一个自由港问世到第二次世界大战前夕,是世界经济特区发展的第一阶段。其间共有26个国家和地区建立了75个自由港和自由贸易区。
The SEZs have various international names and types, such as free ports, free trade zones, free transit zones, export processing zones, science industrial parks, etc. The earliest SEZs were free ports and free trade zones that originated at 400 Years ago the most economically viable commodity economy on the Mediterranean coast. The first special economic zone in the world was the Libourne Freeport (in Italy, Livorno was the earliest Liberal special) established by Italy in 1547 in Genoa Bay. From the first free port to the eve of the Second World War, it is the first phase of the development of the special economic zone in the world. During this period, a total of 75 free ports and free trade zones were established in 26 countries and regions.