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目的调查青海省平均海拔3500米地区4～8岁儿童先天性心脏病(CHD)流行病学特征。方法对14056名幼儿园及小学一到二年级儿童按初筛、复筛、彩超多普勒确诊3个阶段进行调查。将该地区4个县CHD的患病率、病种分布、性别间变化进行了比较,并将世居藏族CHD的患病率与生活在同一环境的其他民族进行了比较。结果共检出CHD155例。总患病率为10.956‰。男性为9.246‰,女性为12.922‰(掊2=4.345,P<0.05)。4县中河南县患病率为13.124‰,泽库13.09‰,尖扎10.242‰,同仁8.054‰,不同县别之间发病率无统计学差异。各民族的患病率存在显著性差异(掊2=10.708,P<0.05)。其中世居民族藏、蒙族儿童患病率明显高于汉族,(掊2=9.943,P<0.005)和(掊2=7.342,P<0.001)。病种构成以动脉导管未闭占首位(40.00%),其次是房间隔缺损(25.81%),卵园孔未闭(14.09%),室间隔缺损(13.55%)。结论藏族、蒙古族的CHD患病率高于生活在同一环境的其他民族,女性患病率明显高于男性。CHD的构成比以动脉导管未闭为主。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease (CHD) in children aged 4 ~ 8 years in Qinghai Province at an average altitude of 3500 meters. Methods A total of 14056 kindergartens and first to second grade children were enrolled in three stages of primary screening, secondary screening and color Doppler imaging. The prevalence of CHD in 4 counties in the area was compared with that of other ethnic groups living in the same environment. The prevalence of CHD in 4 counties in the area was compared with that of other ethnic groups living in the same environment. Results A total of 155 CHD cases were detected. The total prevalence was 10.956 ‰. 9.246 ‰ for males and 12.922 ‰ for females (掊 2 = 4.345, P <0.05). The prevalence of Henan in 4 counties was 13.124 ‰, that of Zecun was 13.09 ‰, that of Jianzha was 10.242 ‰, and that of colleagues was 8.054 ‰. There was no significant difference in incidence among different counties. The prevalence of each ethnic group there is a significant difference (掊 2 = 10.708, P <0.05). Among them, the prevalence rate of Tibetan and Mongolian children in the native populations was significantly higher than that in Han people (掊 2 = 9.943, P <0.005) and (掊 2 = 7.342, P <0.001). The patients were diagnosed as having patent ductus arteriosus (40.00%), followed by atrial septal defect (25.81%), patent ovarian orifice (14.09%) and ventricular septal defect (13.55%). Conclusion The prevalence of CHD in Tibetans and Mongolians is higher than that in other ethnic groups living in the same environment. The prevalence rate of females is significantly higher than that of males. The composition of CHD is mainly patent ductus arteriosus.