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纠正反馈是对学习者的偏误而给予的评价性和指导性信息。以普遍语法为基础的二语习得理论认为纠正反馈只能改善学习者的语言行为而不能提高语言能力,从而拒绝外语教学的纠正反馈;而认知语言学的二语习得理论则认为语言习得是人类依靠认知机制获取知识或技能的方式,纠正反馈恰恰密切联系认知中的语言的输入与输出,能够加强学习者的认识比较,促进知识结构的强化或重构。纠正反馈的认知心理基础主要有感知突显和认知互动,教师在具体教学中提供反馈需要考虑反馈对象、方式和内容等认知因素。
Correct feedback is the evaluation of the learner’s bias and guidance information. Second language acquisition theory based on universal grammar holds that correcting the feedback can only improve the learner’s language behavior but can not improve the language ability, thus refusing to correct the feedback of foreign language teaching; Cognitive Linguistics second language acquisition theory that the language Learning is a way for humans to acquire knowledge or skills by means of cognitive mechanisms. Correcting feedbacks just and closely relates to the input and output of languages in cognition, which can enhance learners’ comprehension and comparison and promote the reinforcement or reconstruction of knowledge structures. Cognitive and psychological basis to correct the feedback mainly perceived and cognitive interaction, teachers provide feedback in specific teaching need to consider the feedback object, methods and content and other cognitive factors.